"Since the appearance of behaviorally modern humans perhaps 50,000 years ago and particularly since the Neolithic Revolution of 10,000 years ago, cultural evolution has proceeded more rapidly than has genetic evolution, thereby producing ever-greater dissociation between the way we actually live and the lifestyle for which our genome was originally selected."
A brilliant paper discussing the pros and cons can be found HERE
Extract "Suboptimal circumstances take varying time periods to induce ill effects. Lack of oxygen is lethal in minutes, scurvy develops after months of inadequate vitamin C intake, and insufficient dietary calcium commonly takes decades to produce clinical osteoporosis. Deviations from our ancestral lifestyle—in nutrition, exercise, reproduction, etc.—can produce ill effects during early life, but many individuals appear outwardly healthy well into middle adulthood and even beyond. However, if preagricultural lifeways are truly those for which humans remain genetically programmed, we can expect that, despite our adaptability, most of us will eventually have to pay the piper. The evolutionary hypothesis proposes that chronic degenerative diseases are the price."
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